Saturday, 16 December 2017

Low Cost Audio Amplifier Circuit

I WILL GIVE YOU 100 % WORKING AND LOW COST AUDIO AMPLIFIER WITH SIMPLE CIRCUITRY


1ST OF ALL I WILL TELL YOU ABOUT THE COMPONENTS REQUIRED FOR THIS AUDIO AMPLIFIER
LIST OF COMPONENTS
1-  T E A 2 0 2 5 I C

2- 0.22 uF CAPACITOR ( 2 PIECES) (THIS IS CERAMIC CAPACITOR)

3- 0.15 uF CAPACITOR (2 PIECES) (THIS WILL BE ALSO CERAMIC        CAPACITOR)

4- 100 uF CAPACITOR (6 PIECES)

5- 470 uf CAPACITOR (2 PIECES)

6- 10 KILO OHM VARIABLE RESISTOR (IT IS OPTIONAL YOU MAY OR MAY NOT USE THIS)

7- TWO 4 OHM SPEAKERS FOR LOAD

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

COMPONENTS


IN CIRCUIT DIAGRAM YOU CAN SEE THE VCC SUPPLY FOR SUPPLY YOU CAN TAKE ANY DC SUPPLY OF 3V TO 12 V UNDER 1 AMPERE FOR BETTER PERFORMANCE TAKE MINIMUM 9 VOLT SUPPLY.

AND Vin 1 AND Vin2 IS YOUR INPUT SIGNAL WHICH WILL GIVE YOU FROM YOUR AUDIO PLAYER THROUGH AUDIO JACK OR IN OTHER WAY WHICH WOULD YOU LIKE.
IF YOU USE AUDIO JACK , IT HAS 3 TERMINAL IN CASE OF STEREO JACK IN THIS YOU HAVE 3 WIRES FROM JACK ONE FOR RIGHT CHANNEL AND SECOND WIRE FOR LEFT CHANNEL AND THIRD ONE FOR GROUND THAN MAKE GROUND MAKE COMMON FOR BOTH AND CONNECT ONE WIRE OF AUDIO JACK IN Vin1 AND ANOTHER WIRE IN Vin2.

AND HERE POT RESISTOR IS OPTIONAL, IF YOU WANT TO CONTROL VOLUME THROUGH CIRCUIT, THAN YOU CAN CONNECT POT RESISTOR IN Vin1 AND Vin2.

NOW YOU SHOULD KNOW WHY WE USED HERE TEA 2025 IC
THIS IC IS ORIGINALLY DESIGNED FOR PORTABLE CASSETTE PLAYERS AND RADIOS.
BUT IT CAN BE ALSO USED TO MAKE A PRETTY DECENT STEREO AUDIO AMPLIFIER FOR AN I POD OR MP3 PLAYER.

THE INTERESTING CHARACTERISTIC OF TEA 2025 IS, IT HAS BUILT IN THERMAL PROTECTION CIRCUIT.
THIS CIRCUIT IS 100 % WORKING AND BEST FOR HOME PURPOSE AUDIO AMPLIFIER
AND FURTHER I WILL TELL YOU HOW TO MAKE COMPLETE AUDIO SYSTEM WITH THIS CIRCUIT.

THANK YOU














Sunday, 12 November 2017

Transistor

What is transistor?


Simply you have to just remember 3 or 4 lines only
1st transistor is a semiconductor device, yes, it is a device not a component.
2nd transistor is capable of amplifying the electronic signals.
3rd transistor acts like a switch.
These three lines are capable of little introduction of transistor
Or simply we can say that it is the combination of two diodes.
Ok,
Now,
Come on its types & construction which is very important to understand.

According to construction there are basically two types of transistor.

NPN and PNP


It is very simple to understand.


In PNP transistor
It used 2 p type semiconductor and 1 n type semiconductor
Definition
Those transistors which have two p type and one n type semiconductors, the n type semiconductor is sandwiches between two layers of p type semiconductor is called pnp type transistor.

&

In NPN transistor
It used 2 n type semiconductor and 1 p type semiconductor
Definition
Those transistors which have two n type and one p type semiconductors, the p type semiconductor is sandwiches between two layers of n type semiconductor is called NPN type transistor.

In its construction we can see that it has 3 terminals named as emitter (E), base (B) & collector (C).

From emitter base junction we give input signal and from collector base junction we take output of amplified signal.

In circuit symbol one thing you always take care, the arrow mark on emitter line, this arrow mark always inward the base side in PNP, and outward from the base in NPN transistors. This arrow shows the direction of flow of current in transistor.
After that, we always have problem of polarity in input and output.
So you always remember that      P side positive supply
                    &            N side negative supply

In circuit symbol you can see that which side have positive and negative.

These transistors also known as BJT (Bipolar Junction Transistor)

According to name it is clear that it forms more than one junction.
I think you should clear that what is junction. Junction is a place or point of meeting.
So can see in the circuit symbol it has three junctions EB (emitter base junction), CB (collector base junction) & EC (emitter collector junction), it has three junctions but always between the two poles so it is called BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTOR.
I think it’s sufficient for basic concept.



Now,

Bipolar Transistor Configurations


As the Bipolar Transistor is a three terminal device, there are basically three possible ways to connect it within an electronic circuit with one terminal being common to both the input and output.

· Common Base Configuration – has Voltage Gain but no Current Gain.

· Common Emitter Configuration – has both Current and Voltage Gain.

· Common Collector Configuration – has Current Gain but no Voltage                                      Gain.

Hear, amplification = gain

1st 

Common base configuration

As its name suggests, in the Common Base or grounded base configuration, the BASE connection is common to both the input signal AND the output signal. The input signal is applied between the transistors base and the emitter terminals, while the corresponding output signal is taken from between the base and the collector terminals .



This type of amplifier configuration is a non-inverting voltage amplifier circuit, in that the signal voltages Vin and Vout are “in-phase”. This type of transistor arrangement is not very common due to its unusually high voltage gain characteristics.



Also this type of bipolar transistor configuration has a high ratio of output to input resistance or more importantly “load” resistance ( RL ) to “input” resistance ( Rin ) giving it a value of “Resistance Gain”. Then the voltage gain ( Av ) for a common base configuration is therefore given as:

Common Base Voltage Gain




Where: Ic/Ie is the current gain, alpha ( α ) and RL/Rin is the resistance gain.

The common base circuit is generally only used in single stage amplifier circuits such as microphone pre-amplifier or radio frequency ( Rf ) amplifiers due to its very good high frequency response.



2nd

The Common Emitter (CE) Configuration 

In the Common Emitter or grounded emitter configuration, the input signal is applied between the base and the emitter, while the output is taken from between the collector and the emitter as shown. This type of configuration is the most commonly used circuit for transistor based amplifiers and which represents the “normal” method of bipolar transistor connection. 

The common emitter amplifier configuration produces the highest current and power gain of all the three bipolar transistor configurations. This is mainly because the input impedance is LOW as it is connected to a forward biased PN-junction, while the output impedance is HIGH as it is taken from a reverse biased PN-junction.




In this type of configuration, the current flowing out of the transistor must be equal to the currents flowing into the transistor as the emitter current is given as

Ie = Ic + Ib.

(Emitter current = collector current + base current)

therefore the current gain of the transistor can be given as:


The common emitter configuration is an inverting amplifier circuit. This means that the resulting output signal is 180o “out-of-phase” with the input voltage signal.

3rd
The Common Collector Transistor Circuit

The common emitter configuration has a current gain approximately equal to the β value (β = Ic/Ib) of the transistor itself. In the common collector configuration the load resistance is situated in series with the emitter so its current is equal to that of the emitter current.
As the emitter current is the combination of the collector AND the base current combined, the load resistance in this type of transistor configuration also has both the collector current and the input current of the base flowing through it. Then the current gain of the circuit is given as:

The Common Collector Current Gain


This type of bipolar transistor configuration is a non-inverting circuit in that the signal voltages of Vin and Vout are “in-phase”. It has a voltage gain that is always less than “1” (unity). The load resistance of the common collector transistor receives both the base and collector currents giving a large current gain (as with the common emitter configuration) therefore, providing good current amplification with very little voltage gain.

But you never confuse with the above given configuration because you noticed that, all described for the NPN transistors.
Ok,
For more clarification
You should know this








Thank you


Saturday, 11 November 2017

Panasonic Budget Phone


Panasonic launched a new budget phone in india
here i am going to give you the specification details of this phone and at last i will tell you, it should be buy or not.




Display
Size 12.7cm(5 inch)
Resolution HD(1280*720)
Type IPS -2.5D Curved
Glass Protection Asahi Dragon Trial

Processor
Processor Quad-core 1.25GHz,MT6737
RAM/ROM
RAM 2 GB
ROM 16 GB
SD card Yes -Expandable upto 128GB

Camera
Rear camera 13 MP
Front camera 5 MP

Battery
Battery (mAh) 2500

Operating system
OS Android 7.0 (Nougat)

Colours
Colours Gold, Black

Dimensions
Weight 145.5g
Dimensions 143*71*7.5 (mm )

Connectivity
Bearer 2G/3G/4G VoLTE
GSM GSM 850/900/1800/1900
UMTS UMTS 900/2100 MHz
LTE B3/B5/B40(FDD1800/FDD850/TDD2300)
WIFI SUPPORTED
Bluetooth 4.0 A2DP
GPS Yes
FM Yes

Sensors
Accelerometer Yes
Proximity Yes
Ambient light Yes
Finger print sensor Yes
OTG Yes

Ports
SIM card Dual sim -Hybrid-micro+nano
USB USB 2.0

In box
Contents Handset (inclusive of battery), Earphone, USB cable, Charger, Warranty Card, QSG, SIM Insertion PIN,Protective screen guard.

According to me it is a good phone but if you are ready to spending 7000 Rs on it, than you should spend some more like one or two thousand more and buy a minimum 3 gb ram phone because for operating system marshmallow, naught, or any higher version it takes approx 1 1 gb space in your ram and than for work you get less to use or install other desirable app on your phone.

Thank You!   

Smart Speedometer


Today I will tell you how to make your Smartphone into smart speedometer.
To see its performance, watch this video till end
Yes
This can be easily possible with some apps, which are available in play store and you can easily download from there, which is totally free of cost and add free also.
There are so many applications on YouTube for Speedometer, which turns your Smartphone into speedometer, but I will tell you about only two apps which are more accurate and looks cool.

1st is GPS Speedometer (No Ads)
And
                                    

 2nd one is DigiHUD Speedometer

You can measure speed of your car, bike while you are sitting in back seat, both apps have HUD mode which is really awesome for cars. In HUD mode your all data will goes inverse but when it reflects you can see all data in a right way
You can also record trip, see compass, temperature and many more.
You can change the speed units like kilometer, mile, meter etc. which one you want.
You also set the speed alarm
Ok now I tell you about the app
1st app
GPS Speedometer (No Ads.)
Pros. of this app
This app is very-very cool interface
It provides all facility that I told you before
It has 5 car dash board themes of Ferrari, Porsche, Lamborghini and camaro these are inbuilt free themes but you can buy more themes as per your choice in it.
Cons of this app
It has little less in accuracy in speed, because all speedometer apps measures the speed with the help of GPS

2nd app
DigiHUD Speedometer
Pros. of this app
This app is very simple and more accurate than other apps
It also provides all facility that I told you before.
It has too many color modes which really looks cool

Cons of this app.

It has no themes and It is very simple

Thank You !

Saturday, 4 November 2017

Google TEZ

गूगल के नए ऐप्प का रिव्यु

गूगल ने भारत में ऑनलाइन पेमेंट सर्विस लॉन्च किया है.
इस एप्प का नाम है "तेज"
यह ऐप्प एंड्रॉयड और I O S दोनों प्लेटफॉर्म के लिए बनाया गया है और इसे फ्री डाउनलोड किया जा सकता है. यानी अब पेटीएम को टक्कर देने के लिए गूगल अपने इस ऐप के साथ तैयार है. आइए जानते हैं यह ऐप्प काम कैसे करता है |
डाउनलोड कैसे करे
 एंड्रॉयड ऐप्प और iOS पर इसे आप ऐप्प स्टोर या प्ले स्टोर से डाउनलोड कर सकते है. जो करीब आठ ऍम बी का है
- डाउनलोड करने के बाद आपको गूगल पिन या स्क्रीन लॉक सेट करना होगा.
गूगल पिन यानी ये गूगल की तरफ से पिन सेट करना होगा जिससे की इस ऐप्प को आपके फ़ोन के पासवर्ड से कोई मतलब नहीं होगा
अगर आप स्क्रीन लॉक ऑप्शन को सेलेक्ट करते हैं तब ये आपके फ़ोन पासवर्ड से अनलॉक होगा|
अकाउंट कैसे लिंक करें
अब आपको बैंक अकाउंट लिंक करना होगा . इसके लिए अगर आपका अकाउंट मोबाइल नबंर से लिंक है तो नंबर दर्ज करना होगा. आपको मोबाइल से एक मैसेज किया जाएगा और इस नंबर से जितने अकाउंट लिंक किए गए होंगे वो खुद ऐड कर लिया जाएगा.
अब आप ऐप्प के जरिए अपने बैंक अकाउंट से पेमेंट कर सकते हैं.
क्या गूगल इसके लिए कोई चार्ज भी लेगा
जी नहीं
इसके लिए गूगल कोई कमीशन नहीं लेगा
गूगल की यह सर्विस लगभग सभी बड़े बैंकों के साथ काम करेगी. पार्टनर बैंक के तौर पर ऐक्सिस, एचडीएफसी बैंक, आईसीआईसीआई और स्टेट बैंक ऑफ इंडिया इत्यादि शामिल हैं.
तेज़ shiled
इसमें तेज शील्ड के नाम से एक शील्ड प्रोवाइड कराइ गई है जो की तेज के जरिए किए गए टांजैक्शन तेज़ शील्ड से सुरक्षित होंगे. ताकि फ्रॉड और हैकिंग को रोका जा सके. इतना ही नहीं यह कस्टमर्स की पहचान जानने में भी मदद करेगा.
नियर बाय फीचर
इसमें नियरबाइ फीचर भी दी गई है.
नियर बाय फीचर ऐसे काम करेगा जैसे की अगर आपके आस पास कोई तेज़ एप्प यूज़ कर रहा होगा तो वो उसे डिटेक्ट कर के आपको दिखायेगा अगर आप उसे पेमेंट करना चाहते हैं तो उस पर क्लिक कर कर आप आसानी से पेमेंट कर सकते हैं ठीक वैसे हे जैसे आप पे टी ऍम में करते हैं
ऑफर्स
अगर ऑफर्स की बात करे तो इस ऐप्प में भी आपको बोहत सारे ऑफर्स मिलेंगे जिसमे आपको रिवार्ड्स जितने का मौका मिलेगा ये आप रिवार्ड्स और ऑफर्स में जा कर देख सकते हैं |

अब देखना ये है की ये गूगल के नयी एप्प भारत में कितनी सक्सेसफुल होती है

HOW TO STOP WINDOWS 10 INTERNAL UPDATES

HOW TO STOP WINDOWS 10 INTERNAL UPDATES


In these days I heard from many people they want to stop their windows 10 updates but they are not able to stop their internal updates totally.
Here we give you the solution, to stop huge internet data consumption when we connect our phone to our laptops or desktops.
Here we discuss many options to stop windows 10 updates

1st solution
Connect your P C with your WiFi connection
Than
Go to START MENU
Open SETTING
Click on NETWORK & INTERNET
Go to the ADVANCE SETTING
But before this you should connected to the wifi network
After going in ADVANCE STEEING
Turn ON metered connection

2nd solution
Go to START MENU
Open UPDATE & SECURITY
Then click on ADVANCE OPTION
Here you can see an option of DEFER UPGRADES
Click CHECK to this option



3rd solution
You have open RUN COMMAND
To open run command press WINDOWS KEY + R
Run the command
gpedit.msc
here you can see an option of ADMINISTRATIVE TEMPLETES under COMPUTER CONFIGURSTION
click on administrative templates
see right side here you will see an option of WINDOWS COMPONENTS
double click on windows components option
than scroll down here you will see an option of windows update
double click on windows update option
than you have to select the option of CONFIGURE AUTOMATIC UPDATES
here you have to select the option NOTIFY FOR DOWNLOAD AND NOTIFY FOR INSTALL
and press apply than ok


after doing these settings you will be able to stop huge internet data consumption while connected in wifi or USB Ethernet

Thank You 

Tuesday, 31 October 2017

Ohm's Law

Ohms Law

Video Link

Ohm is very small unit but it is very important for electronics
Ohm is the unit of resistance
In our previous video we discussed about the resistance
To clear the resistance topic we must understand that where we can find resistance and practically what is the resistance
In our previous video we saw that
Resistor is a passive component; it is only theoretically we studied
But practically everything has own resistance and it is also important for conduction also

Yes

Resistance is also important for conduction

How ?
Ok let’s see

Just take a small piece of wire and check its resistance and take another long piece of wire and also check it’s resistance you will get some small resistance value in small piece of wire and large resistance value on long piece of wire in comparison with small piece
But a wire can conduct electricity even resistance is present in the wire
You can just do this through multimeter
My motive is only that you should understand everything has its own resistance which opposes the flow of current to the some extent
Ok



Now we have to come on our topic Ohm’s law

Ohm's law states that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points.






 I = V / R
where I is the current through the conductor in units of amperes, V is the voltage measured across the conductor in units of volts, and R is the resistance of the conductor in units of ohms. More specifically, Ohm's law states that the R in this relation is constant, independent of the current








it is the symbol of ohm





The law was named after the German physicist Georg Ohm, who, in a treatise published in 1827,













For understanding the ohms law equations this is very important to remember this triangle





To clear more this triangle







1st if we have to calculate voltage of any given circuit than your formula will be




your formula will be
V = I X R

2nd if we have to calculate Current of any given circuit than your formula will be



your formula will be
I = V / R


3nd if we have to calculate Resistance of any given circuit than your formula will be





your formula will be
R = V / I




For example





Here we have to calculate resistance value for this circuit

1st observe what you have to require for calculating the resistance
Formula :-  R = V / I
Here we required the data of green LED
Suppose green led requires = 3 volt and 0.10 A current
For calculating resistance
Here we have voltage (v = 9-3 = 6 v)
Current = 0.10 ampere
R = 6/0.10 = 60 ohm
Here we calculated resistance value 60 ohm
But practically we have to know that which watt of resistance is used here because resistors are categorized with 1 / 4 watt (quarter watt), 1 / 2 watt (half watt), 1 watt (one watt) as on
we know that unit of power is watt
Power = volt X ampere
Here we have = 9 volt supply and 0.10 ampere current
Power = 0.9 watt
Approx 1 watt
And 1 to 25 watt requires (1 / 4 watt resistor)
26 to 50 watt requires ( 1 / 2 watt resistor ) as on

This is the basic tutorial about ohms law and their calculations 



Thank you